Expectations lift performance

“She’s one of the strong ones.”

“How do we know?”

“You can just tell.”

So she gets the difficult question, waits through the silence and eventually answers it. The other child is given an easier question because the class must keep moving. When he hesitates, somebody helps. By summer, she is demonstrably better at difficult questions.

The original judgement may have been correct. That is the maddening part. Once expectations alter teaching, the result can no longer tell us how much came from early ability and how much came from six months of different treatment. The score looks beautifully objective while concealing the rationing of patience.

Adults do this everywhere. A junior musician gets the hard part and precise criticism. Another remains safely at the back. One footballer makes a mistake and gains another ten minutes; the unfancied player makes the same mistake and gains a coat. Managers then point at the widening gap as proof of their eye for talent.

Praise is cheap, and indiscriminate optimism is worse. People need honest standards. The interesting records are more mundane: who received the stretch assignment, how much coaching followed, who got another attempt, and whose error became a verdict.

At the end of term, both scores are stored. The school does not record the hours of extra teaching beside them.

Behavioural principles

Behavioural ideas at play in this post

Short, plain-English explanations of the principles behind this post, with links to related books and examples in the archive.